Biorefinery strategies for upgrading Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)
نویسندگان
چکیده
20 21 Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is the major by-product of bioethanol and distillery 22 plants. Due to its high content of proteins, water-soluble vitamins and minerals, DDGS has been 23 long marketed as animal feed for livestock. EU legislation on liquid biofuels could raise the 24 demand on bioethanol production in Europe, with a resulting increase in DDGS availability. 25 DDGS contains a spectrum of complex organic macromolecules, particularly polysaccharides, in 26 addition to proteins and vitamins, and its use as a starting raw material within a biomass-based 27 biorefining strategy could lead to the development of multi-stream processes for the production of 28 commodities, platform molecules or speciality chemicals, with concomitant economic benefits 29 and waste reduction for bioethanol plants. The present review aims to outline the compositional 30 characteristics of DDGS and evaluate its potential utilisation as a starting material for the 31 production of added-value products. Parameters of influence on the chemical and physical 32 characteristics of DDGS are discussed. Moreover, various pre-treatment strategies are outlined in 33 terms of efficient DDGS fractionation into several added value streams. Additional processing 34 steps for the production of medium and high added value compounds from DDGS are evaluated 35 and their potential applications in the food and chemical industry sector are identified. 36
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